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Common gearbox classifications and characteristics that mechanical engineers must understand!
gear reducer

Types: Cylindrical gear reducer, bevel gear reducer, helical gear reducer, etc.

characteristic:

High transmission efficiency (90% -98%), suitable for high-power scenarios.

Strong load-bearing capacity, suitable for heavy-duty industrial equipment such as mining machinery and metallurgical equipment.

Compact structure, but some types (such as spur gears) have high noise levels.

Transmission ratio range: Single stage transmission ratio is usually ≤ 5, and multi-stage combination can reach even higher.

planetary reducer

Structure: Composed of sun gear, planetary gear, and internal gear ring.

characteristic:

High precision (small backlash), suitable for precision machinery such as robot joints and CNC machine tools.

Small size, high power density, and better load-bearing capacity than ordinary gear reducers under the same volume.

The transmission ratio range is wide (3-1000), and multi-stage series connection can be expanded.

High cost and complex manufacturing process.

worm gear reducer

Structure: Worm (spiral) drives worm gear (gear).

characteristic:

Single stage transmission ratio is large (10-100), and the structure is compact.

Self locking function (difficult reverse transmission), suitable for scenarios with high safety requirements (such as elevators).

Low transmission efficiency (40-85%) and high heat generation.

Medium carrying capacity, suitable for small and medium power equipment.

Cycloid pinwheel reducer (RV reducer)

Structure: Based on the principle of cycloidal pinwheel meshing.

characteristic:

High rigidity, high precision, small backlash (≤ 1 arc minute).

Strong impact resistance, suitable for industrial robots and precision turntables.

The transmission ratio range is wide (30-300) and the efficiency is high (80% -90%).

High cost and difficult manufacturing.